Sunday, January 23, 2011

10/10 Bugatti Veyron


Concept 
The Bugatti Veyron  is a rear mid-engined Supercar. The Super Sport version is the fastest road-legal car in the world, with a top speed of 431.07 km/h (267.85 mph).The original version has a top speed of 408.00 km/h (253.52 mph).
Designed and developed by the German Volkswagen Group and produced by Bugatti Automobiles SAS at their headquarters in Château St. Jean inMolsheim (Alsace, France), the Veyron's chief designer was Hartmut Warkuss, and the exterior was designed by Jozef Kabaň of Volkswagen, with much of the engineering work being conducted under the guidance of former Peterbilt engineer and now Bugatti Engineering chief Wolfgang Schreiber.
The car is named after French racing driver Pierre Veyron, who won the 24 hours of Le Mans in 1939 while racing for the original Bugatti company. It was named Car of the Decade (2000–2009) by the BBC television programme Top Gear.

Design
With its luxurious length of 4.47 m, the Veyron is a perfectly balanced combination of high-powered performance and sleek, racy design. 
Even at complete standstill, the car’s enormous power is made visible by its impressive mid-engine, elevated majestically beneath the chassis. Simultaneously, the Veyron’s bold proportions, well-balanced surfaces, and clear line structures give an impression of pure, sleek elegance. 
The design of the Veyron honors a great heritage without drifting off into retro style. Every detail of the classic two-tone color scheme, a quote from the 1920s and 1930s, has been carefully thought out, resulting in the typical Bugatti profile with the classic, contrasting ellipsis – the stylistic element used by Ettore Bugatti himself. The “crest line”, which runs uninterrupted from the hood to the only 1.21-m-high roof, is a proud homage to the Veyron’s forebears. Thus, the Veyron’s classic paintwork and harmonious design connect this state-of-the-art super sports car to the glorious heritage of Bugatti automobiles.

With its classic look, the large radiator grill – adorned with the hand-enameled Bugatti emblem – represents the grandness of the Veyron. The sports car’s distinctive front is defined by the harmonious contrast of its broad headlights and majestic grill. The rear end, 1.99 m wide, features the formidable retractable spoiler and generously designed fenders. The Veyron perfectly fulfills the main design objective governing the development of the new Bugatti: an uncompromising combination of highest elegance and state-of-the-art technology.




Interior Design
Every aspect of the Veyron 16.4’s interior focuses on essentials. Clear lines dominate the design, and all controls reflect a meticulous care for detail. The selection and finish of the prevailing materials aluminum and leather meet the highest possible standards. A unique alloy was specially developed to guarantee the consistent aluminum shine. Only the choicest leather – free of even the tiniest blemishes – was used for the interior. The light-alloy steering wheel is a work of art, a composition of aluminum spokes, a leather cover, and convenient rocker switches offering easy access to the car’s sports automatics functions. The satin-aluminum finish of the handcrafted center console rounds off the elegantly sophisticated look.
Designer and enginineers worked closely together to integrate every single one of the Veyron’s many features – from GPS to seat heating – harmoniously in the cockpit, without allowing it to appear excessive or too complex. The unique sound experience provided by the integrated sound system was designed by the high-end specialists at Burmester in Berlin. The Veyron is the first car to boast Burmester system elements that were originally developed for home use. Each component was specially adapted for the Veyron to meet Bugatti’s extremely high quality standards.


It is these precious details that distinguish the Veyron, creating a unique Bugatti atmosphere. Yet the true perfection of a sports car that exceeds all expectations results from the harmonious combination of these details – a balance of emotion, reflected by the bold design, and superior craftsmanship.


Technical Feature


Engine 


The Veyron features an 8.0 litre W16 engine with sixteen cylinders in four banks of four, equivalent to two narrow-angle V8 engines mated in a W configuration. Each cylinder has four valves for a total of sixty four, but the narrow staggered eight configuration allows two overhead camshafts to drive two banks of cylinders so only four camshafts are needed. The engine is fed by four turbochargers and displaces 7,993 cubic centimetres (487.8 cu in), with a square 86 by 86 mm (3.4 by 3.4 in) bore and stroke.


Transmission


The transmission is a dual-clutch direct-shift gearbox computer-controlled automatic with seven gear ratios, with magnesium paddles behind the steering wheel and a shift time of less than 150 milliseconds, built by Ricardo of England rather than Borg-Warner, who designed the six speed DSG used in the mainstream Volkswagen Group marques. 


The Veyron can be driven in either semi- or fully-automatic mode. A replacement transmission for the Veyron costs just over $120,000. It also has permanent four wheel drive using the Haldex Traction system. It uses special Michelin PAX run flat tires, designed specifically to accommodate the Veyron's top speed, which reportedly cost $25,000 US per set.The tires can be removed from the rims only in France, a service which reportedly costs $70,000. Curb weight is 2,034.8 kilograms (4,486 lb).This gives the car a power to weight ratio, according to Volkswagen Group's 1,001 metric horsepower (736 kW; 987 bhp) figures, of 446.3 metric horsepower (328 kW; 440 bhp) per ton.


Engine Output 


According to Volkswagen Group and certified by TÜV Süddeutschland, the final production Veyron engine produces 1,001 metric horsepower (736 kW; 987 bhp) of motive power, and generates 1,250newton metres (922 ft·lbf) of torque. The nominal figure has been stated by Bugatti officials to be conservative, with the real total being 1,020 metric horsepower (750 kW; 1,006 bhp) or more.


Top Speed 


The top speed of the original version was verified by James May on Top Gear in November 2006, again at Volkswagen Group's private Ehra-Lessien test track. Jeremy Clarkson, driving a Veyron from Italy to London, noted that at top speed the engine consumes 45,000 litres (9,900 imp gal) of air per minute (as much as a human breathes in four days). The Veyron has the highest top speed of any street legal production car. Once back in the Top Gear studio, James was asked by co-presenter Jeremy Clarkson what the Veyron felt like to drive at 407 km/h (253 mph), May replied that it was "totally undramatic", and very stable at speed. It only wobbled slightly as the air brake moved in the vertical position to slow the car down at lower speeds.

Braking
The Veyron's brakes use cross drilled, radially vented carbon fibre reinforced silicon carbide (C/SiC) composite discs, manufactured by SGL Carbon, which have a much greater resistance to brake fadewhen compared with conventional cast iron discs. The lightweight aluminium alloy monobloc brake calipers are made by AP Racing; the fronts have eight titanium pistons and the rear calipers have six pistons. Bugatti claims maximum deceleration of 1.3 g on road tires. As an added safety feature, in the event of brake failure, an anti-lock braking system (ABS) has also been installed on the handbrake.

9/10 Nissan GT-R


Concept 

The Nissan GT-R is a sports car produced by Nissan, released in Japan on December 6, 2007, the United States on July 4, 2008, and the rest of the world in March 2009. 

The Nissan GT-R is powered by the VR38DETT engine, a 3,799 cc (3.8 L; 231.8 cu in) DOHC V6 with plasma trasferred wire arc sprayed bores.Two parallel Ishikawajima-Harima Heavy Industries (IHI) turbochargers provide forced induction. Production vehicles produce a manufacturer-claimed engine output of 485 bhp (362 kW) at 6400 rpm and 434 lb·ft (588 N·m) at 3200-5200 rpm. The engine also meets California Air Resources Board Ultra Low Emission Vehicle (ULEV) standards. A curb weight of 1,730 kg (3,800 lb) or 1,736 kg (3,830 lb) with side curtain airbags is achieved using a jig weldedsteel chassis with aluminum used for the hood, trunk, and doors. A rear mounted six-speed BorgWarner designed dual clutch semi-automatic transmission built by Aichi Machine Industry is used in conjunction with the ATTESA E-TS system to provide power to all four wheels and along with Nissan's Vehicle Dynamics Control (VDC-R) to aid in stability. Three shift modes can also be selected for various conditions

Design

Nissan chief creative officer, Shirō Nakamura, has likened the new GT-R to the eponymous giant robots of the Gundam series. Nakamura stated: "The GT-R is unique because it is not simply a copy of a European-designed supercar; it had to really reflect Japanese culture."
Nakamura noted that the GT-R's square lines and vents were influenced by Gundam robots. Nissan's American designers sculpted the rear three quarters of the vehicle, while their European designers sculpted the roofline.
Polyphony Digital, creators of the Gran Turismo series of racing video games, were themselves involved in the development of the GT-R, having been contracted to design the GT-R's multifunction display
Nissan introduced the GT-R SpecV on January 7, 2009 at the 2009 Tokyo Auto Salon. Exterior changes from the base GT-R consist of a carbon fiber rear spoiler, grille, and brake ducts, along with an exclusive Ultimate Black Opal paint job. Interior changes include a set of carbon fiber Recaro front seats with the rear seats being completely removed. Carbon fiber covers the center storage box, instrument panel, and replaces the majority of the interior trim.
The GT-R SpecV is powered by the standard twin-turbo 3,799 cc (3.8 L; 231.8 cu in) V6 with no increase in horsepower. A new high gear boost controller that allows a temporary increase in boost pressure to the IHI twin turbochargers, now larger than those on the standard GT-R, should deliver more torque in mid to high-range revs. Other mechanical changes include a titanium exhaust, reworked suspension, carbon ceramic brakes, and 20-inch (510 mm) NISMO wheels. Overall weight is decreased by 132 lb (60 kg) over the standard GT-R.
Japan sales began on February 2, 2009 at seven pre-selected dealers who are staffed by mechanics with special GT-R SpecV training and are knowledgeable of racing circuit driving. Pricing is set at ¥15,750,000 (over US$160,000). Nissan has yet to announce any plans to sell the Spec V in the USA.
In Auto Express testing the SpecV posted a 0-60 mph time of 3.2 seconds, pulled 1.12 g on the skidpad and 74.7 mph in the slalom. An earlier tested Corvette ZR1 resulted in an identical slalom speed but a lower 1.06 g on the skidpad.

Interior Design 

Key to the Nissan GT-R's usability as a both daily driver and a high-performance supercar is its interior, which is designed to balance functionality, a sense of ease, and comfort. Sculpted performance bucket seats give the driver and passenger a comfortable driving experience, and soft pads are utilized on the dash in front of the passenger and doors to give an extra level of comfort and safety.

The instrument panel surrounds the driver, with all meters and multi-function meter at a uniform height to minimize the driver's head movement when traveling at high speeds. A large center-mounted tachometer, with gear display on its upper right, as well as the easy-to-read graphics of the display, gives the driver instant detailed information, essential for the performance nature of the GT-R.

Functional style is also evident in the Nissan GT-R – each meter features a dial plate design that evokes the idea of engaged gears, as well as a three-dimensional metal-like ring, suggesting the multi-dimensional performance of the GT-R. A large, metallic-framed center console features the ergonomically designed shift lever and a red "engine start" button.

Adjustability is central to the daily-driver nature of the Nissan GT-R, with a special "set-up switch" located in the center of the instrument panel. This switch enables the driver to adjust transmission shifts, shock absorbers and the Vehicle Dynamic Control (VDC-R) in three settings – Normal, Comfort or R, the high-performance setting designed for the Nissan GT-R "supercar" application 

A high-speed, high-capacity CARWINGS (Japan market) navigation system, with a powerful 30GB hard disk drive, features an easy-to-use touch pad, as well as traditional navigation switches. The screen interface features not only the navigation system, but also an enriched entertainment system with a Music Box hard drive, DVD and CD player, and Bluetooth® *2 audio function.

For special use in the GT-R application, the multi-function meter also includes mechanical and driving information for safe high performance driving, including acceleration opening, brake pedal pressure, and steering angle. It also includes an "optimal gearshift map," to emphasize economical vehicle operation.

A specially designed BOSE sound system includes two forward-facing woofers in the rear center armrest area combined with traditional door speakers. All speakers are mounted in rigid aluminum die cast panels, which combined with the design of the system itself, provide sound quality suitable for a supercar.

Technical Feature 

Brakes
Brake Type
Power
Brake ABS System
4-Wheel
Disc - Front (Yes or )
Yes
Disc - Rear (Yes or )
Yes
Front Brake Rotor Diam x Thickness (in)
15 x 1.3
Rear Brake Rotor Diam x Thickness (in)
15 x 1.2
Drum - Rear (Yes or )
Rear Drum Diam x Width (in)
Cargo Area Dimensions
Trunk Volume (ft³)
8.8
Cooling System
Total Cooling System Capacity (qts)
11.6
Electrical
Cold Cranking Amps @ 0° F (Primary)
- TBD -
Maximum Alternator Capacity (amps)
- TBD -
Engine
Engine Order Code
VR38DETT
Engine Type
Gas V6
Displacement
3.8L/- TBD -
Fuel System
SMPI
SAE Net Horsepower @ RPM
480 @ 6400
SAE Net Torque @ RPM
430 @ 3200 - 5200
Exterior Dimensions
Wheelbase (in)
109.5
Length, Overall (in)
183.1
Width, Max w/o mirrors (in)
74.9
Height, Overall (in)
54.0
Tread Width, Front (in)
62.6
Tread Width, Rear (in)
63.0
Min Ground Clearance (in)
- TBD -
Liftover Height (in)
- TBD -
Fuel Tank
Fuel Tank Capacity, Approx (gal)
19.5
Interior Dimensions
Passenger Capacity
4
Passenger Volume (ft³)
79.4
Front Head Room (in)
38.1
Front Leg Room (in)
44.6
Front Shoulder Room (in)
54.3
Front Hip Room (in)
54.7
Second Head Room (in)
33.5
Second Leg Room (in)
26.4
Second Shoulder Room (in)
50.0
Second Hip Room (in)
44.9
Mileage
Fuel Economy Est-Combined (MPG)
18
EPA Fuel Economy Est - City (MPG)
16
EPA Fuel Economy Est - Hwy (MPG)
21
Steering
Steering Type
Pwr Rack & Pinion
Steering Ratio (:1), Overall
15.0
Lock to Lock Turns (Steering)
2.6
Turning Diameter - Curb to Curb (ft)
- TBD -
Turning Diameter - Wall to Wall (ft)
- TBD -
Summary
Vehicle Name
GT-R
Body Style
2 Door Sedan
Suspension
Suspension Type - Front
Double Wishbone
Suspension Type - Rear
Multi-Link
Suspension Type - Front (Cont.)
Suspension Type - Rear (Cont.)
Shock Absorber Diameter - Front (mm)
- TBD -
Shock Absorber Diameter - Rear (mm)
- TBD -
Stabilizer Bar Diameter - Front (in)
- TBD -
Stabilizer Bar Diameter - Rear (in)
- TBD -
Tires
Front Tire Order Code
Rear Tire Order Code
Spare Tire Order Code
Front Tire Size
P255/40ZR20
Rear Tire Size
P285/35ZR20
Spare Tire Size
- TBD -
Trailering
Dead Weight Hitch - Max Trailer Wt. (lbs)
Dead Weight Hitch - Max Tongue Wt. (lbs)
Wt Distributing Hitch - Max Trailer Wt. (lbs)
Wt Distributing Hitch - Max Tongue Wt. (lbs)
Transmission
Drivetrain
All Wheel Drive
Trans Order Code
GR6
Trans Type
6
Trans Description Cont.
Manual
Trans Description Cont. Again
First Gear Ratio (:1)
4.06
Second Gear Ratio (:1)
2.30
Third Gear Ratio (:1)
1.59
Fourth Gear Ratio (:1)
1.25
Fifth Gear Ratio (:1)
1.00
Sixth Gear Ratio (:1)
0.79
Reverse Ratio (:1)
3.38
Clutch Size (in)
- TBD -
Final Drive Axle Ratio (:1)
3.70
Vehicle
EPA Classification
Subcompact
EPA Greenhouse Gas Score
4
Weight Information
Base Curb Weight (lbs)
3829
Wheels
Front Wheel Size (in)
20 x 9.5
Rear Wheel Size (in)
20 x 10.5
Spare Wheel Size (in)
- TBD -
Front Wheel Material
Aluminum
Rear Wheel Material
Aluminum
Spare Wheel Material
- TBD -







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